PP6702 – Foundations of Public Policy: Theories and Methods
2014-3
Time: Thursday 9:00-12:00
Location: OTH Conference Room
Overview:
M. Howlett
Office: Li Ka Shing Level 2
Phone +65 6601 1180 sppmph@nus.edu.sg
Office Hours: by Appointment
This course focuses on the manner in which the field of public policy has evolved and the possible future directions the discipline may take. The course is designed to review relevant theoretical materials pertaining to public policy-making and test key hypotheses in the policy sciences through examination of empirical cases in public policy-making. Policy theory related to the stages of the policy cycle; the impact of policy ideas, institutions and actors on policy outcomes; and the concepts of policy styles and policy regimes will be reviewed and tested against empirical examination of policy making behaviour. Throughout the course an emphasis will be placed on methodological issues involved in operationalizing key concepts as well as upon the identification of prominent research directions in the field. The course integrates readings in economics, political science, organization and management studies, and related disciplines such as public administration and public management in analyzing public policy and serves as preparation for the Ph.D. Qualifying Examination.
Required Texts:
M. Howlett, M. Ramesh, and A. Perl, Studying Public Policy (Toronto: Oxford University Press, 2009)
Recommended Texts:
E. Araral, S. Fritzen, M. Howlett, M. Ramesh, and X. Wu, eds. Routledge Handbook of Public Policy.
New York: Routledge, 2013
Frank Fischer, Gerald J. Miller and Mara S. Sidney eds. Handbook of Public Policy Analysis: Theory, Politics and Methods, ed.. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2007
Grading:
1. Class Presentations (2) – 20%
2. Term Paper – 40%
3. Term Paper Outline – 10%
4. Term Paper Presentation – 10%
5. Class Participation – 20%
Class Presentations:
At the beginning of term, each student will be assigned two weeks for which he/she will be responsible for commenting on the theoretical, methodological and historiographical issues raised in that week’s readings through a review of selected readings from that week’s reading list. Missed assignments will receive a zero (0) grade. Students who are not presenting are expected to read the material covered in the overview readings and in that week’s presentation and to comment and critique class presentations in order to contribute to the development of a common understanding of research directions in the policy sciences and the conceptual and methodological issues of interest to scholars engaged in public policy research.
Paper Topics:
No later than mid-term (Week VII), each student will identify a specific topic area and theoretical issue which will be the subject of their term paper and prepare and submit an outline of the paper. These topics and issues will be investigated through examination of a specific empirical case of public policy- making. Preliminary drafts of the term papers will be presented to class in the final week of class. Papers are due two weeks later. Late papers will lose 10% per day late.
Weekly Topics and Reading List
Week I (August 13) – Introduction and Administration: Theories of Public Policy-Making
Overview:
Howlett, Michael, Anthony Perl and M. Ramesh. Studying Public Policy: Policy Cycles and Policy Subsystems. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 2009 Chapters 1 & 2
Jann, Werner, and Kai Wegrich. 2007. "Theories of the Policy Cycle." In Handbook of Public Policy Analysis: Theory, Politics and Methods, ed. Frank Fischer, Gerald J. Miller and Mara S. Sidney. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 43-62.
Howlett, Michael, and Benjamin Cashore. “Re-Visiting the New Orthodoxy of Policy Dynamics: The Dependent Variable and Re-Aggregation Problems in the Study of Policy Change.” Canadian Political Science Review 1, no. 2 (August 10, 2007): 50–62.
Theories, Approaches and Models
Sabatier, Paul A. Theories of the Policy Process. Boulder: Westview Press, 1999.
Birkland, Thomas A. An Introduction to the Policy Process; Theories, Concepts, and Models
of Public Policy Making. Armonk: M.E. Sharpe, 2001.
Dobuzinskis, Laurent, Michael Howlett, and David Laycock, ed. Policy Studies in Canada: The State of the Art. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1996.
Schmidt, S. “Comparative Approaches to the Study of Public Policy Making” In Routledge Handbook of Public Policy. Eds. E. Araral, S. Fritzen, M. Howlett, M. Ramesh, and X. Wu, eds. New York: Routledge, 2013.
Background Reading:
** Students who are unfamiliar with the following concepts should cover the associated readings listed below prior to the start of the second class.
a. Policy Analysis and Policy Studies:
Garson, G. David. “From Policy Science to Policy Analysis: A Quarter Century of Progress.” In W. N. Dunn, ed(s), Policy Analysis: Perspectives, Concepts, and Methods, Greenwich, Conn.: JAI Press, 1986. 3-22.
Hawkesworth, Mary. “Epistemology and Policy Analysis.” In W. Dunn and R. M. Kelly, ed(s), Advances in Policy Studies, New Brunswick: Transaction Press, 1992. 291-
329.
Torgerson, Douglas. “Between Knowledge and Politics: Three Faces Of Policy Analysis.” Policy Sciences. 19, no. 1 (1986): 33-59.
Webber, David J. “Analyzing Political Feasibility: Political Scientists' Unique Contribution to
Policy Analysis.” Policy Studies Journal. 14, no. 4 (1986): 545-554.
Mintrom M and C. Williams, “Public Policy Debate and the Rise of Policy Analysis” In Routledge Handbook of Public Policy. Eds. E. Araral, S. Fritzen, M. Howlett, M. Ramesh, and X. Wu, eds. New York: Routledge, 2013.
Cairney, Paul. “Standing on the Shoulders of Giants: How Do We Combine the Insights of
Multiple Theories in Public Policy Studies?” Policy Studies Journal 41, no. 1 (2013):
1–21.
b. Policy Cycles:
Lyden, Fremont J., George A. Shipman, and Robert W. Wilkinson. “Decision-Flow Analysis: A Methodology for Studying the Public Policy-Making Process.” In P. P. Le Breton, ed(s), Comparative Administrative Theory, Seattle: University of Washington Press,
1968. 155-168.
deLeon, Peter. “The Stages Approach to the Policy Process: What Has It Done? Where Is It
Going?” In P. A. Sabatier, ed(s), Theories of the Policy Process, Boulder: Westview,
1999. 19-34.
Sabatier, Paul A. “Toward Better Theories of the Policy Process.” PS: Political Science and Politics. 24, no. 2 (1991): 144-156.
Skok, J. E. 1995. "Policy Issue Networks and the Public Policy Cycle: A Structural-Functional
Framework for Public Administration." Public Administration Review 55 (4): 325-32. Howlett M. and S. Giest, “The Policy-Making Process: Policy Cycles and Policy Styles” In
Routledge Handbook of Public Policy. Eds. E. Araral, S. Fritzen, M. Howlett, M. Ramesh, and X. Wu, eds. New York: Routledge, 2013.
Howlett, Michael, Allan McConnell, and Anthony Perl. “Streams and Stages: Reconciling
Kingdon and Policy Process Theory.” European Journal of Political Research 54, no.
3 (August 1, 2015): 419–34.
c. Policy Regimes
Esping-Andersen, Gosta. “Power and Distributional Regimes.” Politics and Society. 14, no. 2 (1985): 223-256.
Orren, Karen and Stephen Skowronek. “Regimes and Regime Building in American Government: A Review of Literature on the 1940s.” Political Science Quarterly. 113, no. 4 (1998-99): 689-702.
Eisner, Marc Allen. “Discovering Patterns in Regulatory History: Continuity, Change and
Regulatory Regimes.” Journal of Policy History. 6, no. 2 (1994): 157-187.
Arts, Bas, and Jan Van Tatenhove. 2000. "Environmental Policy Arrangements: A New Concept." In Global and European Polity? Organizations, Policies, Contexts, ed. Henri Goverde. Aldershot: Ashgate, 223-237.
Wilson, Carter A. “Policy Regimes and Policy Change.” Journal of Public Policy. 20, no. 3 (2000): 247-271.
May, Peter J, Ashley E Jochim, and Joshua Sapotichne. “Constructing Homeland Security: An
Anemic Policy Regime.” Policy Studies Journal 39, no. 2 (May 1, 2011): 285–307.
d. Policy Subsystems
Jordan, A. Grant. “Iron Triangles, Woolly Corporatism and Elastic Nets: Images of the Policy
Process.” Journal of Public Policy. 1, no. 1 (1981): 95-123.
McCool, Daniel. “The Subsystem Family of Concepts: A Critique and a Proposal.” Political Research Quarterly. 51, no. 2 (1998): 551-570.
Burstein, Paul. “Policy Domains: Organization, Culture and Policy Outcomes.” Annual Review of Sociology. 17(1991): 327-350.
Knoke, David. “Networks as Political Glue: Explaining Public Policy-Making.” In W. J.
Wilson, ed(s), Sociology and the Public Agenda, London: Sage, 1993. 164-184. Knoke D. and Y. Wu, “Policy Network Models” in Routledge Handbook of Public Policy.
Eds. E. Araral, S. Fritzen, M. Howlett, M. Ramesh, and X. Wu, eds. New York: Routledge, 2013.
Jochim, Ashley E., and Peter J. May. “Beyond Subsystems: Policy Regimes and Governance.”
Policy Studies Journal 38, no. 2 (2010): 303–27.
Week II (Aug. 20) – Policy Cycles: Agenda-Setting
Overview:
Howlett, Michael, Anthony Perl and M. Ramesh. Studying Public Policy: Policy Cycles and Policy Subsystems. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 2009 Ch 4
Birkland, Thomas A., 2007. "Agenda Setting in Public Policy" In Handbook of Public Policy Analysis: Theory, Politics and Methods, ed. Frank Fischer, Gerald J. Miller and Mara S. Sidney. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 63-78.
Perl, A. “International Dimensions and Dynamics of Policy-Making” in Routledge Handbook of Public Policy. Eds. E. Araral, S. Fritzen, M. Howlett, M. Ramesh, and X. Wu, eds. New York: Routledge, 2013.
Halpin, Darren. “Explaining Policy Bandwagons: Organized Interest Mobilization and
Cascades of Attention.” Governance 24, no. 2 (April 2011): 205–30.
Theories:
Downs, A. “Up and Down with Ecology - The ‘Issue-Attention Cycle.’” Public Interest 28* (1972): 38–50.
Cobb, R., J.K. Ross, and M.H. Ross. “Agenda Building as a Comparative Political Process.” American Political Science Review. 70, no. 1 (1976): 126-138.
Kingdon, John W. Agendas, Alternatives and Public Policies. Boston: HarperCollins College
Publishers, 1989
Baumgartner, F. R., and B. D. Jones. “Agenda Dynamics and Policy Subsystems.” Journal of
Politics 53, no. 4 (1991): 1044–74.
Green-Pedersen C and P. Mortensen, “Policy Agenda-Setting Studies: Attention, Politics and the Public” in Routledge Handbook of Public Policy. Eds. E. Araral, S. Fritzen, M. Howlett, M. Ramesh, and X. Wu, eds. New York: Routledge, 2013.
Howlett, Michael. “Issue-Attention and Punctuated Equilibria Models Reconsidered: An Empirical Examination of the Dynamics of Agenda-Setting in Canada.” Canadian Journal of Political Science. 30, no. 1 (1997): 3-29.
Howlett, Michael. “Predictable and Unpredictable Policy Windows: Issue, Institutional and Exogenous Correlates of Canadian Federal Agenda-Setting.” Canadian Journal of Political Science. 31, no. 3 (1998): 495-524.
Birkland, T. A. 2004. "'The World Changed Today': Agenda-Setting and Policy Change in the
Wake of the September 11 Terrorist Attacks." Review of Policy Research 21 (2): 179-
200.
Birkland, T. A. 1998. "Focusing Events, Mobilization, and Agenda Setting." Journal of Public Policy 18 (1): 53-74 and Birkland, T. “Focusing Events and Policy Windows” in Routledge Handbook of Public Policy. Eds. E. Araral, S. Fritzen, M. Howlett, M. Ramesh, and X. Wu, eds. New York: Routledge, 2013.
Vliegenthart, Rens, Stefaan Walgrave, and Corine Meppelink. “Inter-party Agenda-Setting in the Belgian Parliament: The Role of Party Characteristics and Competition.” Political Studies 59, no. 2 (June 1, 2011): 368–88.
Scholten, Peter, and Arco Timmermans. “Setting the Immigrant Policy Agenda: Expertise and Politics in the Netherlands, France and the United Kingdom.” Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice 12, no. 5 (2010): 527.
Guldbrandsson, Karin, and Bjöörn Fossum. “An Exploration of the Theoretical Concepts Policy Windows and Policy Entrepreneurs at the Swedish Public Health Arena.” Health Promotion International 24, no. 4 (December 1, 2009): 434–44.
Week III (August 27) - Policy Cycles: Formulation
Overview:
Howlett, Michael, Anthony Perl and M. Ramesh. Studying Public Policy: Policy Cycles and Policy Subsystems. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 2009 Ch 5
Thomas, H. G. “Towards a New Higher Education Law in Lithuania: Reflections on the
Process of Policy Formulation.” Higher Education Policy 14, no. 3 (2001): 213–23. Turnpenny, J., C. Adelle and A. Jordan, “Policy Appraisal” in Routledge Handbook of Public
Policy. Eds. E. Araral, S. Fritzen, M. Howlett, M. Ramesh, and X. Wu, eds. New York: Routledge, 2013.
Kohoutek, Jan, Martin Nekola, and Vilém Novotný. “Conceptualizing Policy Work as Activity and Field of Research.” Central European Journal of Public Policy 7, no. 1 (June 30, 2013): 28–58.
Howlett, Michael, and Raul Lejano. “Tales from the Crypt: The Rise and Fall (and Re-Birth?)
of Policy Design Studies.” Administration & Society 45, no. 3 (2013): 356–80.
Craft, Jonathan, and Michael Howlett. “The Dual Dynamics of Policy Advisory Systems: The Impact of Externalization and Politicization on Policy Advice.” Policy and Society, Externalization and Politicization of Policy Advice Systems, 32, no. 3 (September
2013): 187–97.
Theories:
Linder, Stephen H. and B. Guy Peters. “Policy Formulation and the Challenge of Conscious
Design.” Evaluation and Program Planning. 13(1990): 303-311.
deLeon, Peter. “Policy Formulation: Where Ignorant Armies Clash By Night.” Policy Studies Review. 11, no. 3/4 (1992): 389-405.
Weiss, Carol H. “Research for Policy's Sake: The Enlightenment Function of Social Science
Research.” Policy Analysis. 3, no. 4 (1977): 531-545.
Howlett, Michael. 2009. "Policy Analytical Capacity and Evidence-Based Policy-Making: Lessons from Canada." Canadian Public Administration 52 (2). 153-175
Dunlop., C. “Epistemic Communities” in Routledge Handbook of Public Policy. Eds. E.
Araral, S. Fritzen, M. Howlett, M. Ramesh, and X. Wu, eds. New York: Routledge,
2013.
Craft, Jonathan, and Michael Howlett. “Policy Formulation, Governance Shifts and Policy Influence: Location and Content in Policy Advisory Systems.” Journal of Public Policy 32, no. 02 (2012): 79–98.
Van der Heijden, Jeroen. “Institutional Layering: A Review of the Use of the Concept.”
Politics 31, no. 1 (January 10, 2011): 9–18.
Whiteman, D. 1985. "The Fate of Policy Analysis in Congressional Decision Making: Three
Types of use in Committees." Western Political Quarterly 38 (2): 294-311. Landry, Rejean, Moktar Lamari, and Nabil Amara. “The Extent and Determinants of the
Utilization of University Research in Government Agencies.” Public Administration Review. 63, no. 2 (2003): 192-205.
Mayer, I., P. Bots, and E. v. Daalen. 2004. "Perspectives on Policy Analysis: A Framework
for Understanding and Design." International Journal of Technology, Policy and Management 4 (1): 169-91 see also Mayer I., P. Bots and E. v Daalen “Policy Analytical Styles” in Routledge Handbook of Public Policy. Eds. E. Araral, S. Fritzen, M. Howlett, M. Ramesh, and X. Wu, eds. New York: Routledge, 2013.
Howlett, Michael, Seck L. Tan, Andrea Migone, Adam Wellstead, and Bryan Evans. “The Distribution of Analytical Techniques in Policy Advisory Systems: Policy Formulation and the Tools of Policy Appraisal.” Public Policy and Administration, 2014,
Howlett, Michael, and Adam Wellstead. “Policy Analysts in the Bureaucracy Revisited: The
Nature of Professional Policy Work in Contemporary Government.” Politics & Policy
39, no. 4 (August 1, 2011): 613–33.
Noordegraaf, Mirko. “Shadowing Managerial Action instead of Recording Managerial Text.” Qualitative Research in Organizations and Management: An International Journal 9, no. 1 (March 4, 2014): 41–46.
Week IV (Sept. 3) – Policy Cycles: Decision-Making
Overview:
Howlett, Michael, Anthony Perl and M. Ramesh. Studying Public Policy: Policy Cycles and Policy Subsystems. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 2009 Ch 6
Clinton J. Andrews, 2007. "Rationality in Policy Decision Making." In Handbook of Public Policy Analysis: Theory, Politics and Methods, ed. Frank Fischer, Gerald J. Miller and Mara S. Sidney. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 43-62.
Jones, B and H. Thomas “Bounded Rationality and Public Policy Decision-Making” in Routledge Handbook of Public Policy. Eds. E. Araral, S. Fritzen, M. Howlett, M. Ramesh, and X. Wu, eds. New York: Routledge, 2013.
6, Perri. “Explaining Decision-Making in Government: The Neo-Durkheimian Institutional
Framework.” Public Administration 92, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 87–103.
Theories:
Simon, Herbert A. “The Structure of Ill Structured Problems.” Artificial Intelligence. 4(1973):
181-201.
Lindblom, Charles E. “The Science of Muddling Through.” Public Administration Review.
19, no. 2 (1959): 79-88.
Hayes M. “Incrementalism” in Routledge Handbook of Public Policy. Eds. E. Araral, S.
Fritzen, M. Howlett, M. Ramesh, and X. Wu, eds. New York: Routledge, 2013. Cohen, M., J. March, and J. Olsen. “A Garbage Can Model of Organizational Choice.”
Administrative Science Quarterly. 17, no. 1 (1972): 1-25.
Mucciaroni, G “The Garbage Can Model and the Study of the Policy-Making Process” in Routledge Handbook of Public Policy. Eds. E. Araral, S. Fritzen, M. Howlett, M. Ramesh, and X. Wu, eds. New York: Routledge, 2013.
Teisman, Geert R. “Models for Research into Decision-Making Processes: On Phases, Streams and Decision-Making Rounds.” Public Administration. 78, no. 4 (2000): 937-
956 and G. Teisman and E. v. Buuren “Models for Research into Decision-Making Processes: On Phases, Streams, Rounds and Tracks of Decision-Making” in Routledge Handbook of Public Policy. Eds. E. Araral, S. Fritzen, M. Howlett, M. Ramesh, and X. Wu, eds. New York: Routledge, 2013.
Weiss, Carol H. “Knowledge Creep and Decision Accretion.” Knowledge: Creation, Diffusion, Utilization. 1, no. 3 (1980): 381-404.
Stirling, Andy. “Keep It Complex.” Nature 468, no. 7327 (December 23, 2010): 1029–31. Walker, W. E., and V. A. W. J. Marchau. “Dealing with Uncertainty in Policy Analysis and
Policymaking.” Integrated Assessment 4, no. 1 (2004): 1–4.
Methods:
Goodwin, Paul. 2009. "Common Sense and Hard Decision Analysis: Why might they
Conflict?" Management Decision 47 (3): 427-40.
Kahneman, Daniel and Amos Tversky. “Prospect Theory: An Analysis of Decision Under Risk.” Econometrica. 47(1979): 263-289.
Mintz, Alex and Nehemia Geva. “The PoliHeuristic Theory of Foreign Policy Decision Making.” In N.
Geva and A. Mintz, ed(s), Decision-Making in War and Peace: The Cognitive-Rational Debate, Boulder: Lynne Rienner, 1997.
Bendor, Jonathan, Terry M. Moe, and Kenneth W. Shotts. “Recycling the Garbage Can: An Assessment of the Research Program.” American Political Science Review. 95, no. 1 (2001): 169-190.
Howlett, Michael. 2007. Analyzing Multi-Actor, Multi-Round Public Policy Decision-Making Processes in Government: Findings from Five Canadian Cases. Canadian Journal of Political Science 40 (3):659-684.
Starkl, Markus, Norbert Brunner, Werner Flogl, and Johan Wimmer. “Design of an Institutional Decision-Making Process: The Case of Urban Water Management.” Journal of Environmental Management 90 (2009): 1030–42.
Andersen, Jon Aarum. “Public versus Private Managers: How Public and Private Managers
Differ in Leadership Behavior.” Public Administration Review 70, no. 1 (2010): 131–
41.
Voß, Jan-Peter, Jens Newig, Britta Kastens, Jochen Monstadt, and Benjamin Nölting. “Steering for Sustainable Development: A Typology of Problems and Strategies with Respect to Ambivalence, Uncertainty and Distributed Power.” Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning 9, no. 3–4 (2007): 193–212.
Week V (Sept. 17) – Policy Cycles: Implementation
Overview;
Howlett, Michael, Anthony Perl and M. Ramesh. Studying Public Policy: Policy Cycles and Policy Subsystems. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 2009 Ch 7
Helga Puzl and Oliver Treib, 2007. "Implementing Public Policies." In Handbook of Public Policy Analysis: Theory, Politics and Methods, ed. Frank Fischer, Gerald J. Miller and Mara S. Sidney. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 89-108.
Poocharoen, O, “Bureaucracy and the Policy Process” in Routledge Handbook of Public Policy. Eds. E. Araral, S. Fritzen, M. Howlett, M. Ramesh, and X. Wu, eds. New York: Routledge, 2013.
Weaver, Kent. “If You Build It, Will They Come? Overcoming Unforeseen Obstacles to
Program Effectiveness.” The Tansley Lecture - University of Saskatchewan, 2009.
Walker, Warren E., Vincent A.W.J. Marchau, and Darren Swanson. “Addressing Deep Uncertainty Using Adaptive Policies: Introduction to Section 2.” Technological Forecasting and Social Change 77, no. 6 (July 2010): 917–23.
Araral, Eduardo. “Policy and Regulatory Design for Developing Countries: A Mechanism
Design and Transaction Cost Approach.” Policy Sciences 47, no. 3 (December 1,
2013): 289–303.
Theories:
Goggin, Malcolm L. et al. Implementation Theory and Practice: Toward A Third Generation.
Glenview: Scott, Foresman/Little, Brown, 1990.
O'Toole, Laurence J. “Research on Policy Implementation: Assessment and Prospects.” Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory. 10, no. 2 (2000): 263-288.
Hood, C. “Using Bureaucracy Sparingly.” Public Administration 61, no. 2 (1983): 197–208. Hood, Christopher. “Intellectual Obsolescence and Intellectual Makeovers: Reflections on the
Tools of Government After Two Decades.” Governance 20, no. 1 (2007): 127–44. Salamon, L. M. “Rethinking Public Management: Third-Party Government and the Changing
Forms of Government Action.” Public Policy 29, no. 3* (1981): 255–75.
Howlett, Michael. “Managing the "Hollow State": Procedural Policy Instruments and Modern
Governance.” Canadian Public Administration. 43, no. 4 (2000): 412-431.
Bovaird, Tony. “Beyond Engagement and Participation: User and Community Coproduction of Public Services.” Public Administration Review 67, no. 5 (2007): 846–60.
Wilkinson, T. M. “Nudging and Manipulation.” Political Studies 61, no. 2 (June 2013): 341–
55.
Weaver, Kent Target Compliance: The Final Frontier of Policy Implementation. Washington DC: Brookings Institution, 2009. http://www.brookings.edu/research/papers/2009/09/30-compliance-weaver.
Methods
Sabatier, Paul A. “Top-Down and Bottom-Up Approaches to Implementation Research: A Critical Analysis and Suggested Synthesis.” Journal of Public Policy. 6(1986): 21-48.
Hawkins, Keith and John M. Thomas. “Making Policy in Regulatory Bureaucracies.” In K.
Hawkins and J. M. Thomas, ed(s), Making Regulatory Policy, Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1989. 3-30.
McCubbins, Mathew D. and Arthur Lupia. “Learning from Oversight: Fire Alarms and Policy
Patrols Reconstructed.” Journal of Law, Economics and Organization. 10, no. 1 (1994):
96-125.
Scholz, John T. “Cooperative Regulatory Enforcement and the Politics of Administrative
Effectiveness.” American Political Science Review. 85, no. 1 (1991): 115-136. Sørensen, Claus Hedegaard, Karolina Isaksson, James Macmillen, Jonas Åkerman, and
Florian Kressler. “Strategies to Manage Barriers in Policy Formation and Implementation of Road Pricing Packages.” Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 60 (February 2014): 40–52.
Freire-Gibb, Lucio Carlos, Rebecca Koss, Piotr Margonski, and Nadia Papadopoulou. “Governance Strengths and Weaknesses to Implement the Marine Strategy Framework Directive in European Waters.” Marine Policy 44 (February 2014): 172–78.
Liu, Peggy J., Jessica Wisdom, Christina A. Roberto, Linda J. Liu, and Peter A. Ubel. “Using Behavioral Economics to Design More Effective Food Policies to Address Obesity.” Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy 36, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 6–24.
McNutt, Kathleen. “Public Engagement in the Web 2.0 Era: Social Collaborative Technologies in a Public Sector Context.” Canadian Public Administration 57, no. 1 (2014): 49–70.
Howlett, Michael, Ishani Mukherjee, and Jeremy Rayner. “The Elements of Effective Program
Design: A Two-Level Analysis.” Politics and Governance 2, no. 2 (June 9, 2014): 1–
12.
Fung, Archon. “Survey Article: Recipes for Public Spheres: Eight Institutional Design Choices and Their Consequences.” Journal of Political Philosophy 11, no. 3 (September 1, 2003): 338–67.
Nair, Sreeja, and Michael Howlett. “Meaning and Power in the Design and Development of
Policy Experiments.” Futures. Accessed June 2, 2015.
Week VI (Oct 1) – Policy Cycles: Evaluation
Overview;
Howlett, Michael, Anthony Perl and M. Ramesh. Studying Public Policy: Policy Cycles and Policy Subsystems. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 2009 Ch 8
Hellmut Wollmann, 2007. "Policy Evaluation and Evaluation Research." In Handbook of Public Policy Analysis: Theory, Politics and Methods, ed. Frank Fischer, Gerald J. Miller and Mara S. Sidney. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 393-404.
Vedung E., Six Models of Evaluation” in Routledge Handbook of Public Policy. Eds. E.
Araral, S. Fritzen, M. Howlett, M. Ramesh, and X. Wu, eds. New York: Routledge,
2013.
McConnell, A. “Learning from Success and Failure?” in Routledge Handbook of Public Policy. Eds. E. Araral, S. Fritzen, M. Howlett, M. Ramesh, and X. Wu, eds. New York: Routledge, 2013.
Cameron, Ailsa, Chris Salisbury, Rachel Lart, Kate Stewart, Stephen Peckham, Michael Calnan, Sarah Purdy, and Helen Thorp. “Policy Makers’ Perceptions on the Use of Evidence from Evaluations.” Evidence & Policy: A Journal of Research, Debate and Practice 7, no. 4 (November 29, 2011): 429–47..
Theories:
Hansen, H. F. “Choosing Evaluation Models: A Discussion on Evaluation Design.”
Evaluation 11, no. 4 (October 1, 2005): 447–62.
Azzam, Tarek, and Bret Levine. “Politics in Evaluation: Politically Responsive Evaluation in
High Stakes Environments.” Evaluation and Program Planning. Accessed July 27,
2015.
Bennett, C. J., and M. Howlett. 1992. "The Lessons of Learning: Reconciling Theories of
Policy Learning and Policy Change." Policy Sciences 25 (3) 275-94.
Marier P., “Policy Feedback and Policy Learning” in Routledge Handbook of Public Policy.
Eds. E. Araral, S. Fritzen, M. Howlett, M. Ramesh, and X. Wu, eds. New York: Routledge, 2013.
Dunlop, Claire A., and Claudio M. Radaelli. “Systematising Policy Learning: From Monolith to Dimensions.” Political Studies 61, no. 3 (2013): 599–619.
Geva-May, Iris. “When the Motto is 'Till Death Do Us Part": The Conceptualization and the Craft of Termination in the Public Policy Cycle.” International Journal of Public Administration. 24, no. 3 (2001): 263-288.
Ferry, Martin, and John Bachtler. “Reassessing the Concept of Policy Termination: The Case of Regional Policy in England.” Policy Studies 34, no. 3 (May 2013): 255–73.
Jordan, Andrew, Michael W. Bauer, and Christoffer Green-Pedersen, Policy Dismantling.”
Journal of European Public Policy 20, no. 5 (2013): 795–805.
Methods:
Kirkpatrick, Susan E., James P. Lester, and Mark R. Peterson. “The Policy Termination Process: A Conceptual Framework and Application to Revenue Sharing.” Policy Studies Review. 16, no. 1 (1999): 209-236.
Hahn, Robert W. and Patrick Dudley. How Well Does the Government Do Cost-Benefit Analysis. Washington D.C.: AEI-Brookings Joint Centre for Regulatory Studies Working Paper, 2004
Gunton, Thomas. “Megaprojects and Regional Development: Pathologies in Project
Planning.” Regional Studies. 37, no. 5 (2003): 505-519.
Rossouw, N., and K. Wiseman. 2004. "Learning from the Implementation of Environmental Public Policy Instruments After the First Ten Years of Democracy in South Africa." Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal 22 (2): 131-40.
Jung, Tobias, and Sandra M. Nutley. 2008. Evidence and Policy Networks: the UK Debate about Sex Offender Community Notification. Evidence & Policy 4 (2):187-207.
GAO. “Program Evaluation: Strategies to Facilitate Agencies’ Use of Evaluation in Program
Management and Policy Making,” 2013. http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-13-570. Bauer, Michael W., and Christoph Knill. “A Conceptual Framework for the Comparative
Analysis of Policy Change: Measurement, Explanation and Strategies of Policy
Dismantling.” Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice 16, no.
1 (2014): 28–44.
Hendriks, C., “Policy Evaluation and Public Participation” in Routledge Handbook of Public Policy. Eds. E. Araral, S. Fritzen, M. Howlett, M. Ramesh, and X. Wu, eds. New York: Routledge, 2013.
Ng, Irene Y.H., Kong Weng Ho, Tharmalingam Nesamani, Alex Lee, and Ngiam Tee Liang. “Designing and Implementing an Evaluation of a National Work Support Program.” Evaluation and Program Planning In Press, Accepted Manuscript. Accessed July 25,
2011.
Week VII (Oct 8) - Policy Styles and Dynamics
Overview:
Howlett, Michael, Anthony Perl and M. Ramesh. Studying Public Policy: Policy Cycles and Policy Subsystems. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 2009 Ch 9
Capano, Giliberto. 2009. "Understanding Policy Change as an Epistemological and
Theoretical Problem”, Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice
11 (1): 7-31.
Capano G., “Policy Dynamics and Change: The Never-Ending Puzzle” in Routledge Handbook of Public Policy. Eds. E. Araral, S. Fritzen, M. Howlett, M. Ramesh, and X. Wu, eds. New York: Routledge, 2013.
Kay, A. “Policy Trajectories and Legacies: Path Dependency Revisited” in Routledge Handbook of Public Policy. Eds. E. Araral, S. Fritzen, M. Howlett, M. Ramesh, and X. Wu, eds. New York: Routledge, 2013.
Theories:
Richardson, Jeremy, Gunnel Gustafsson, and Grant Jordan. “The Concept of Policy Style.” In J. J. Richardson, ed(s), Policy Styles in Western Europe, London: George Allen and Unwin, 1982. 1-16.
Freeman, Gary P. “National Styles and Policy Sectors: Explaining Structured Variation.” Journal of Public Policy. 5, no. 4 (1985): 467-496.
van Waarden, F., and B. Unger. “Persistence of National Policy Styles: A Study of Their Institutional Foundations.” In Convergence or Diversity? Internationalization and Economic Policy Response, 333–72. Aldershot: Avebury, 1995.
Kagan, Robert A. “Adversarial Legalism and American Government.” Journal of Policy Analysis and Management. 10, no. 3 (1991): 369-406
Woo, J. J. “Singapore’s Policy Style: Statutory Boards as Policymaking Units.” Journal of Asian Public Policy 8, no. 2 (May 4, 2015): 120–33. doi:10.1080/17516234.2014.922152.
True, J. L., B. D. Jones, and F. R. Baumgartner. 1999. "Punctuated-Equilibrium Theory: Explaining Stability and Change in American Policymaking." In Theories of the Policy Process, ed. P. A. Sabatier. Boulder: Westview Press, 97-115.
Boushey, G., “The Punctuated Equilibrium Theory of Agenda Setting and Policy Change” in Routledge Handbook of Public Policy. Eds. E. Araral, S. Fritzen, M. Howlett, M. Ramesh, and X. Wu, eds. New York: Routledge, 2013.
Howlett, M., and J. Rayner. 2006. Understanding the Historical Turn in the Policy Sciences: A Critique of Stochastic, Narrative, Path Dependency and Process-Sequencing Models of Policy-Making over Time. Policy Sciences 39 (1):1-18.
Methods:
Baumgartner, F. R., and B. D. Jones. 2002. "Positive and Negative Feedback in Politics." In Policy Dynamics, ed. F. R. Baumgartner and B. D. Jones. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Jones, B. D., F. R. Baumgartner, and J. L. True. 1998. "Policy Punctuations: U.S. Budget
Authority, 1947-1995." The Journal of Economic Literature 60 (1): 1-33.
Jones, B. 1994. "A Change of Mind Or A Change of Focus? A Theory of Choice Reversals in
Politics." Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 4 (2): 141-78. Cashore, Benjamin, and Michael Howlett. 2007. Punctuating Which Equilibrium?
Understanding Thermostatic Policy Dynamics in Pacific Northwest Forestry. American
Journal of Political Science 51 (3).
Kagan, Robert A. “Should Europe Worry About Adversarial Legalism?” Oxford Journal of Legal Studies. 17, no. 2 (1997): 165-183
Kagan, Robert A. and Lee Axelrad. “Adversarial Legalism: An International Perspective.” In P. S. Nivola, ed(s), Comparative Disadvantages? Social Regulations and the Global Economy, Washington D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 1997. 146-202.
Howlett, Michael. “Beyond Legalism? Policy Ideas, Implementation Styles and Emulation- Based Convergence in Canadian and U.S. Environmental Policy.” Journal of Public Policy. 20, no. 3 (2000): 305-329
Bauer, Michael W., and Christoph Knill. “A Conceptual Framework for the Comparative Analysis of Policy Change: Measurement, Explanation and Strategies of Policy Dismantling.” Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice 16, no.
1 (2014): 28–44.
Week VIII (Oct 15) – Policy Regimes: Role of Actors
Overview;
Howlett, Michael, Anthony Perl and M. Ramesh. Studying Public Policy: Policy Cycles and Policy Subsystems. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 2009 Ch 3 (sections on Actors)
Hugh T. Miller and Tansu Demir, 2007. "Policy Communities." In Handbook of Public Policy Analysis: Theory, Politics and Methods, ed. Frank Fischer, Gerald J. Miller and Mara S. Sidney. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 137-147
Jorg Raab and Partick Kenis, 2007. "Taking Stock of Policy Networks: Do They Matter?”-." In Handbook of Public Policy Analysis: Theory, Politics and Methods, ed. Frank Fischer, Gerald J. Miller and Mara S. Sidney. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 187-200.
Cross, Mai’a K. Davis. “Rethinking Epistemic Communities Twenty Years Later.” Review of
International Studies 39, no. 01 (2013): 137–60.
Voß, Jan-Peter, and Arno Simons. “Instrument Constituencies and the Supply Side of Policy Innovation: The Social Life of Emissions Trading.” Environmental Politics 23, no. 5 (June 27, 2014): 735–54.
Theories:
Heclo, Hugh. “Issue Networks and the Executive Establishment.” In A. King, ed(s), The New American Political System, Washington D.C.: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1978. 87-124.
Sabatier, Paul A. “An Advocacy Coalition Framework of Policy Change and the Role of
Policy-Oriented Learning Therein.” Policy Sciences. 21, no. 2/3 (1988): 129-168.
Haas, P. M. “Introduction: Epistemic Communities and International Policy Coordination.”
International Organization 46, no. 1 (1992): 1–36.
Marsh, David and Martin Smith. “Understanding Policy Networks: Towards a Dialectical
Approach.” Political Studies. 48(2000): 4-21.
Peters, Guy. “Policy Networks: Myth, Metaphor and Reality.” In D. Marsh, ed(s), Comparing Policy Networks, Buckingham: Open University Press, 1998. 21-32.
Dowding, K. 1995. "Model Or Metaphor? A Critical Review of the Policy Network Approach." Political Studies 43 : 136-58.
Rayner, J., M. Howlett, J. Wilson, B. Cashore, and G. Hoberg. “Privileging the Sub-Sector: Critical Sub-Sectors and Sectoral Relationships in Forest Policy-Making.” Forest Policy and Economics 2, no. 3–4 (2001): 319–32.
Howlett, M., and M. Ramesh. “The Policy Effects of Internationalization: A Subsystem Adjustment Analysis of Policy Change.” Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis 4, no. 1 (2002): 31–50.
Methods:
Laumann, Edward O. and David Knoke. The Organizational State: Social Choice in National Policy Domains. Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1987.
Heinz, John P. et al. “Inner Circles or Hollow Cores.” Journal of Politics. 52, no. 2 (1990):
356-390.
Raab, Jorg. “Where Do Policy Networks Come From?” Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory. 12, no. 4 (2002): 581-622.
Brandes, Ulrik et al. “Explorations into the Visualization of Policy Networks.” Journal of Theoretical Politics. 11, no. 1 (1999): 75-106.
McGregor, Sue L. T. “Modeling the Evolution of a Policy Network Using Network Analysis.” Family and Consumer Research Journal. 32, no. 4 (2004): 382-407.
Rayner, J., M. Howlett, J. Wilson, B. Cashore, and G. Hoberg. 2001. Privileging the Sub-Sector: Critical Sub-Sectors and Sectoral Relationships in Forest Policy-Making. Forest Policy and Economics 2 (3-4):319-332.
Howlett, Michael. “Do Networks Matter? Linking Policy Formulation Processes to Policy Outcomes: Evidence From Four Canadian Policy Sectors 1990-2000.” Canadian Journal of Political Science. 35, no. 2 (2002) 235-268
Raab, Jorg and H. Brinton Milward. “Dark Networks as Problems.” Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory. 13, no. 4 (2003): 413-440.
Leifeld, Philip, and Volker Schneider. “Information Exchange in Policy Networks.” American
Journal of Political Science 56, no. 3 (July 1, 2012): 731–44. doi:10.1111/j.1540-
5907.2011.00580.x.
Ingold, Karin, and Philip Leifeld. “Structural and Institutional Determinants of Influence Reputation: A Comparison of Collaborative and Adversarial Policy Networks in Decision Making and Implementation.” Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, October 21, 2014, muu043. doi:10.1093/jopart/muu043.
Week IX (Oct 22) – Policy Regimes: Role of Institutions
Overview;
Howlett, Michael, Anthony Perl and M. Ramesh. Studying Public Policy: Policy Cycles and Policy Subsystems. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 2009 Ch 3 (sections on Institutions)
Weaver, R. Kent and Bert A. Rockman. “When and How do Institutions Matter?” In R. K.
Weaver and B. A. Rockman, ed(s), Do Institutions Matter? Government Capabilities in the United States and Abroad, Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institutions, 1993. 445-
461.
Clemens, Elisabeth S. and James M. Cook. “Politics and Institutionalism: Explaining
Durability and Change.” Annual Review of Sociology. 25(1999): 441-466. Hall, P. A., and R. C. R. Taylor. 1996. "Political Science and the Three New
Institutionalisms." Political Studies 44 : 936-57
Theories:
Kiser, Larry L. and Elinor Ostrom. “The Three Worlds of Action: A Metetheoretical Synthesis of Institutional Approaches.” In E. Ostrom, ed(s), Strategies of Political Inquiry, Beverly Hills: Sage, 1982. 179-222.
March, J. G., and J. P. Olsen. 1996. "Institutional Perspectives on Political Institutions." Governance 9 (3): 247-64.
Mahoney, James. “Path Dependence in Historical Sociology.” Theory and Society. 29, no. 4 (2000): 507-548.
David, Paul A. 2007. "Path Dependence: A Foundational Concept for Historical Social
Science." Cliometrica 1 : 91-114.
Greener, I. 2005. "The Potential of Path Dependence in Political Studies." Politics 25 (1): 62-
72.
Daugbjerg, C. “Process Sequencing” in Routledge Handbook of Public Policy. Eds. E. Araral, S. Fritzen, M. Howlett, M. Ramesh, and X. Wu, eds. New York: Routledge, 2013.
Schmidt, Vivien A. “Taking Ideas and Discourse Seriously: Explaining Change Through Discursive Institutionalism as the Fourth  ’New Institutionalism’?” European Political Science Review 2, no. 01 (2010): 1–25.
Methods:
Pierson, Paul. “Increasing Returns, Path Dependence, and the Study of Politics.” American Political Science Review. 94, no. 2 (2000): 251-267.
Pierson, Paul. “The Limits of Design: Explaining Institutional Origins and Change.” Governance. 13, no. 4 (2000): 475-499.
Wilsford, David. “Path Dependency, or Why History Makes It Difficult but Not Impossible to Reform Health Care Systems in A Big Way.” Journal of Public Policy. 14, no. 3 (1994): 251-284.
Dobrowolsky, Alexandra, and Denis Saint-Martin. 2005. "Agency, Actors and Change in a Child-Focused Future:' Path Dependency’ Problematised." Commonwealth and Comparative Politics 43 (1): 1-33.
Kay, A. 2005. "A Critique of the use of Path Dependency in Policy Studies." Public Administration 83 (3): 553-71.
Schreiber, Leon Amos. “Institutions and Policy Change: The Development of the Child
Support Grant in South Africa.” Politikon, April 14, 2014, 1–22.
Dodds, Anneliese, and Naonori Kodate. “Understanding Institutional Conversion: The Case of the National Reporting and Learning System.” Journal of Public Policy 32, no. 02 (2012): 117–39.
Week X (Oct 29) – Policy Regimes: Role of Ideas
Overview;
Howlett, Michael, Anthony Perl and M. Ramesh. Studying Public Policy: Policy Cycles and Policy Subsystems. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 2009 Ch 3 (sections on Ideas).
Campbell, J. L. 1998. "Institutional Analysis and the Role of Ideas in Political Economy." Theory and Society 27 (5): 377-409.
Goldstein, Judith and Robert O. Keohane. “Ideas and Foreign Policy: An Analytical Framework.” In J. Goldstein and R. O. Keohane, ed(s), Ideas and Foreign Policy: Beliefs, Institutions and Political Change, Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1993. 3-
30.
John Hogan and Michael Howlett “Reflections On Our Understanding Of Policy Paradigms And Policy Change” in J. Hogan and M. Howlett eds, Policy Paradigms in Theory and Practice Discourses, Ideas and Anomalies in Public Policy Dynamics. London: Palgrave Macmillan 2015
Theories:
Hall, Peter A. “Policy Paradigms, Social Learning and the State: The Case of Economic
Policy Making in Britain.” Comparative Politics. 25, no. 3 (1993): 275-96.
Blyth, Mark M. “"Any More Bright Ideas?" The Ideational Turn of Comparative Political
Economy.” Comparative Politics. 29(1997): 229-250.
Braun, D. 1999. "Interests Or Ideas? an Overview of Ideational Concepts in Public Policy Research." In Public Policy and Political Ideas, ed. D. Braun and A. Busch. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 11-29.
Chadwick, Andrew. “Studying Political Ideas: A Public Political Discourse Approach.” Political Studies. 48(2000): 283-301
Schmidt, Vivien A. 2008. "Discursive Institutionalism: The Explanatory Power of Ideas and
Discourse." Annual Review of Political Science 11:303-26.
Cox, Robert Henry, and Daniel Béland. “Valence, Policy Ideas, and the Rise of Sustainability.”
Governance 26, no. 2 (April 1, 2013): 307–28.
Carstensen, Martin B. “Paradigm Man Vs. the Bricoleur: Bricolage as an Alternative Vision of
Agency in Ideational Change.” European Political Science Review 3, no. 01 (2011): 147–
67.
Methods:
Yee, Albert S. “The Causal Effects of Ideas on Policies.” International Organizations. 50, no.
1 (1996): 69-108.
Coleman, William D., Grace D. Skogstad, and Michael Atkinson. “Paradigm Shifts and Policy Networks: Cumulative Change in Agriculture.” Journal of Public Policy. 16, no. 3 (1996): 273-302.
Hall, Peter A. “The Change from Keynesianism to Monetarism: Institutional Analysis and British Economic Policy in the 1970s.” In S. Steinmo, K. Thelen and F. Longstreth, ed(s), Structuring Politics: Historical Institutionalism in Comparative Analysis, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992. 90-114.
Oliver, Michael J., and Hugh Pemberton. “Learning and Change in 20th-Century British
Economic Policy.” Governance 17, no. 3 (2004): 415–41.
Howlett, Michael. “Policy Paradigms and Policy Change: Lessons From the Old and New Canadian Policies Towards Aboriginal Peoples.” Policy Studies Journal. 22, no. 4 (1994): 631-651.
Daigneault, Pierre-Marc. “Reassessing the Concept of Policy Paradigm: Aligning Ontology
and Methodology in Policy Studies.” Journal of European Public Policy 21, no. 3 (2014): 453–69.
Wilder, Matt, and Michael Howlett. “The Politics of Policy Anomalies: Bricolage and the
Hermeneutics of Paradigms.” Critical Policy Studies 8, no. 2 (2014): 183–202. d
Leifeld, P., and S. Haunss. “A Comparison between Political Claims Analysis and Discourse Network Analysis: The Case of Software Patents in the European Union.” SSRN MPI Collective Goods Preprint, No. 2010/21, 2010.
Muntigle, Peter. “Policy, Politics and Social Control: A Systemic Functional Linguistic
Analysis of EU Employment Policy.” Text. 22, no. 3 (2002): 393-441.
Weeks XI - XIII (Week of Nov 26 ) - Paper Draft Presentations (I/II/III)
*** PAPERS DUE December 3 ***